Monday, September 30, 2019
Narrowing Down of Gender Biased Disparities in US Federal and Civil services Essay
Narrowing Down of Gender Biased Disparities in US Federal and Civil Services The early 1970s witnessed a male dominant workforce in all departments of civil and federal services in the United States. Authoritative positions were held mainly by men. ‘Sex Based Glass Ceilings in the US State Level Bureaucracies 1987-1997’ written by Margaret Reed et al. (2004) has relevant data from the US Government offices. The authors analyzed the data and concluded that this gap has narrowed down significantly with women breaking the impediments in the glass ceilings prevalent in administrative positions. According to him, the glass ceiling is not that pervasive in distributive and regulatory agencies but very less pervasive in the services of redistributive agency which will be discussed later in this paper. Mani (2004) in his ‘Women in the Federal Civil Service’, analyses more about the influence of veterans preference to see if it stands as an impediment to women’s career in the federal civil services. Lewis and Oh (2008) exclusively discuss about the male-female pay differences in their paper ‘A Major Difference? ’ They deal effectively with pay disparities. For this, they makes an in depth study of different major subjects in colleges that brings a change in salary and administrative positions. He uses samples of different races, whites and blacks, and Hispanics in his analysis and proves that there is no disparity among races in terms of salary or status. All the three papers propose a common positive trend in women’s education level, salary, status, higher positions in civil and federal workforce. Each paper is exclusive in describing a unique sub-topic with significance and data analysis. Women are close to men in almost all departments thereby bridging the gender gap between 1990 and 2000. All the three papers with data show the disparities and gender differences between 1970 and 1990 that gradually reduced and the percentage variation is insignificant in the year 2000. Reed et al. ’s (2004) paper can be considered as a main discussion of the topic where he touches upon women’s employment, pay disparities and impediments to glass ceilings. Reed (2004) brings about the discussion on glass ceiling and glass wall that existed in three different agencies. The other two papers: ‘A Major Difference? ’ and ‘Women in the Federal Civil Service’ can be considered as a supportive or additional research without much contradictory opinions though each paper touches upon distinctive subtopics distinctively. The data analysis in all the three papers almost arrive at the same percentage of variation between men and women in salary, education in civil and federal workforce. All the three essays borrowed data from government offices like U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC national (data set for Sex Based Glass Ceilings in the US State Level Bureaucracies 1987-1997’), US Office of Personnel Management (data set for ‘ Major Difference’) and US Office of Personnel Management (data set for ‘Women in the Federal Services’) This data is useful in performing analysis of employees by job category, functional policy areas, salary levels, sex, number of male-female veterans, and male-female non-veterans. This data is not available in the open. It has been provided to the authors on request by the respective universities. This data helps to conduct Significance Test, Logistic Regression tests, Chi-square test and t test to come up with statistical evidence supporting their statements. Reed et al. (2004) use this data to arrive at ceiling ratios while discussing about pay disparities between male and female. When we discuss about gender disparities, or women’s impediments to acquire managerial positions, a common opinion is cited as a drawback in women: they are lack of commitment to affirmative action, lack of developmental assignments, gender biased organization cultures and stereotypes, outright discrimination, assuming leadership roles and welfare composition (Reed et al. 2004). Mani (2004) is also of the same view when he discusses about the reason for gender wage gap. According to him, sex discrimination in hiring and promotions, shortcomings in public policies and social changes played a major role between 1970 and 1990. While discussing pay disparities and acquiring higher positions that remain in disfavor of women, we need to consider that women were in the habit of selecting arts and social subjects in colleges that relatively fetched lower salary and lower administrative positions compared to men who were in the habit of selecting computer science, business and other professional studies. The second factor is that women are mostly connected with familial tie-ups and involved in childbearing, preferring to travel less, etc. automatically kept them away from competing with men for parity in pay or the highest positions in administrative levels. In 1990s, the above-said factors did not stand in the way of women to keep them away from competition. Many women started choosing professional colleges and decided to work in areas where men alone where dominant. Education played a major role in bridging the gap between men and women in pay disparities and higher positions in administrative levels. However, reaching top most authoritative levels was decided on various other factors that led to the disappointment of women. The percentage of gap un-bridged can be considered as due to the shortcomings in public policies and social changes as suggested by Mani (2004). Lewis and Oh (2008) in his exclusive study on pay differences, also attributes the unexplainable gaps in pay disparities to sexual discrimination and difference in government treatment of apparently compatible men and women. All three studies agree that this kind of partial treatment to women has reduced significantly and women are well placed in terms of education, pay, and administrative positions in the late 1990s. The percentage of development in every decade from 1970 is shown through analysis of data. Mani (2004) analyzes the influence of veterans in the civil life to see if it stands as an impediment to women’s opportunity of becoming a top level managers. Earlier in 1970s and 1980s there was considerable reason to believe that veterans had the advantage in federal civil service over non-veterans. The case started reversing in the 1990s with non- veterans getting more salaries and more job advantages. This is because, the women came stronger in studies in all departments. The growing number of women in public and their demands were heeded and respected by the government. The impediments came to a halt with the implementation of Equal Pay Act. Besides, George Bush signed Civil Rights acts of 1991 which allowed women to challenge unfavorable decisions in the bureaucracy and in the courts. Mani (2004) has ultimately concluded his views on veterans and their changing state is in the civil society with time. He proves with the empirical data that veterans no longer remain as an impediment for women in obtaining success in the civil and federal positions. Reed (2004) raises the question of women and their under representation as institutionalized democratic practices when it comes to high level positions. He used two models (i) socio-psychological model that emphasizes the importance of organizational culture that exclude women, and (ii) the systemic model that focuses on the distribution of power and opportunities available to women. Unlike Lewis and Oh (2008), and Mani et al. (2004), Reed (2004) gets into details of three different agencies and the opportunities and positions held by women in them. Regulatory agencies such as police are considered to be a male dominant workforces. Obviously, the presence of glass ceilings is more visible here. The redistributive agency includes management of public welfare programs, rehabilitation, public health services etc that involve more service related jobs where women are appointed traditionally at various levels. The glass ceilings are less pervasive in top administrative positions in redistributive agency. These disparities stated by Reed (2004) are narrowed down in 1990s. Distributive agencies involve construction, repair and administration of bridges, community development, etc in which men use to be dominant. The authors clearly observe the presence of glass wall and an impervious glass ceiling to get into top level management positions. Lewis and Oh (2008) do not segregate in detail, the three agencies via regulatory, distributive and redistributive agencies and so failed to categorize women where their representation, for example departments like police protection, fire, dept, etc was minimum. Without these information, one does not get to know that women are doing fairly well to reach management positions in redistributive agencies. From all the three papers, we understand that there is an increase in percentage of women in all positions of workforce. The empirical data suggests that the percentage increase is gradual from 1970 through the years and in 1995, women were earning about 89% of salary compared to men. Women too started obtaining higher degrees from colleges. Their presence was seen in many upper management positions. However women have not advanced into the highest and most prestigious positions in organizations. According to Reed (2004), the government is becoming creative in implementing strategies to reduce the gender gap but these efforts are not uniformly distributed in all the states. Many women, about 3 million, as teachers, are not included in the data considered for analysis. This is a significant population that chose teaching profession for convenience and so the percentage of variation in disparities between men and women could have been improved if this work force is distributed in other civilian jobs. The proportion of women in various jobs determines various other factors. Mani (2004) has disclosed the veterans and their status in the civil services after the post Vietnam war. His paper helps to understand how the early veterans without much education levels happened to claim up the ladder in civilian positions. We also come know of the rigorous training the veterans possessed to meet the requirements once they come out to the civil life. However, at a later stage, the non-veterans had the advantage over veterans by virtue of their higher education, experience in civil environment and the change of law that preferred veterans in selection procedures. The transition is shown with the help of data available from the U. S. Office of Personal Management Central Personal Data File (OPM CPDF). Comparison among male veterans, male non-veterans, female veterans, female non-veterans with and without considering sex aspect give a clear picture of preferences and impediments over the decades. The scenario in 1995 shows that the disparities among all the four groups have been settled in such a way that one group does not hinder the prospect of the other group while competing for civilian jobs and in promotions. There was a significant difference in salary between men and women after all the analysis conducted by Mani (2004). Like in other papers, Mani (2004) too agrees with sex discrimination, the shortcomings in the public policies and social changes that impact women’s career. But his opinion is slightly different compared to the other two: after 1998, there was still occupational segregation and salary disparities between men and women. The other two papers showed that much of the gender gap is narrowed down around 1999, whereas Mani (2004) still shows differences that requires rectification from the government side. All the three papers with data and analysis reveal the changes in social and cultural changes through the history of United States. All the three papers used more or less the similar data borrowed from the government departments. This can be considered as a major drawback in the results obtained. If each paper used a different data from different sources to conduct statistical analysis, it would have been more appealing. All the three papers do not consider or omit a few factors evenly while doing the analysis. For example, the 3 million teachers (Reed, 2004) avoided in one paper is a wise decision which is not found in the case of other two papers. All the three papers are trying to arrive at showing the percentage of gap narrowing down in disparities between male and female without considering similar factors in the analysis. This cannot be taken strongly for absolute results. However, the data from the government sources and its utilization in analyzing the subject to provide with statistics at various levels certainly convince the readers that there is improvement in lessening of glass walls and ceilings, equality in pay and acquiring top level management positions in the civil and federal workforce. References Lewis, B. & Oh, S. S. , (2008). A Major Difference? Fields of Study and Male–Female Pay Differences in Federal Employment. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta. Mani, B. G. (2004). Women in the Federal Civil Service: Career Advancement, Veterans’ Preference, and Education. Reid, M. (2004). Sex-based Glass Ceilings in US State-Level Bureacracies, 1987-1991. Administration and Society.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Myth Interpretation
The movie industry had delved with so many themes already that creating a fairy tale or a fantasy movie is not something new. These fantasy movies became mainstream attractions thanks to the new technology of 3D and animations that makes imaginary characters come to life and walk and talk like humans. In these fantasy movies, one can not help but question the inspiration for the story; the insight for the roles created; and the symbolism each character represents.There would be parallelism with each fantasy story, as every good fantasy movie would be, since it mainly caters young audiences, like for example the eternal battle between good and evil. Pan’s Labyrinth is not any difference, it tackled the parallelism and many more, although some symbolisms were graphically demonstrated, to the point of disgust, it is still a fantasy movie.These parallelisms between the symbolism in the movie and the myths would be analyzed and discussed in this paper. The liminality as every heroi c tale should have would be pointed out in any way possible as it pertains to the Neo-Platonism idea of The One.Summary of the MoviePan’s Labyrinth or El Laberinto Del Fauno in its original title in Spanish or literally translated as The Faun’s Labyrinth, is a fantasy film that delves in a young girl’s struggle to keep the reality beautiful by completing tasks in another parallel world. In so doing she will take the throne that was rightfully hers and become a Princess once again in the parallel world.There were two worlds in which Ofelia, the protagonist was living. The real world where her mother is sick with the baby, where her ruthless stepfather Captain Vidal lives, and where there are rebels prepared to take offense against the Captain’s forces; and the second world, where Ofelia is the long lost Princess Moana, daughter of the King and she must get back to him as soon as possible. To be able to go back to her father, Ofelia was tasked to complete t hree tasks before the full moon rises, in order to ensure that her â€Å"essence†is intact. First she must retrieve the golden key from the belly of a giant toad that was living off the life of an old tree.She successfully got the key and proceeded on with the next one, with the Faun’s guidance, to retrieve a golden knife from a pale man’s dwelling and she was successful again, but lost the lives of her assistant fairies. The Faun was so angry that he said Ofelia could never return to her kingdom. Meanwhile, the condition of her pregnant mother is getting worse, and the rebels who are against the fascist rule of her stepfather are building a plan of their own. Her mother lost her life in giving birth to her baby brother, her friend Mercedes was caught by Vidal for spying, and Vidal had caught Ofelia lying to him and imprisoned her in the attic with orders of shooting Ofelia first if the rebels attacked.Taking pity on the poor Ofelia, the Faun appeared again and gave her another chance; all she had to do is take her baby brother to the labyrinth. After much hardship and running away from Captain Vidal, Ofelia finally reached the labyrinth where the Faun was waiting for her with instructions to â€Å"prick†her little brother with the golden knife and let his blood flow through the labyrinth. Ofelia refused to hurt her baby brother, this led to the Faun’s disappointment and left Ofelia on her own, as Captain Vidal finally caught up with her, killed her and took the baby.Ofelia’s blood spilled in the labyrinth and Captain Vidal was met by Mercedes and her rebel friends and they killed Vidal. All the while, in another world, Ofelia rose and was called upon by her father as Princess Moana. She was astonished to find herself in a big castle with her father and her mother waiting for her. She had finally come home; while on the other end, Mercedes cradles the lifeless body of Ofelia.Contrasting Concepts and Symbolisms: Good vs. EvilAs every fairy tale is supposed to have, the ensuing battle against the good and the evil, wherein no matter how much hardship the good guys had, the good will eventually triumph over the evil. In Pan’s Labyrinth, Ofelia represents the goodness in both worlds; the real world and the world underneath. The rebels signify the integrity and righteousness in the real world in their fight against the dark evil as manifested by the ruthless Captain Vidal. He is both the evil in Ofelia’s life as well as the rebels, and he had made their lives literally a living hell by torturing and killing the captured rebels, and later on, by taking Ofelia’s innocent life.As Ofelia went through difficult times and losing her life in the process, she triumphed for she had passed the test and did not fall into an evil-like behavior by sacrificing her baby brother. It is the goodness in her heart that finally led her to where she wants to be, with her mother and her father (altho ugh they are all dead already), and the only way she could do that was to die herself, and be reborn as Princess Moana of the Underworld. Ofelia is the epitome of good while Captain Vidal is the utmost evil by killing her. However, the other symbolism for good is the rebels who took Vidal’s life. Although the manner in which they did is not really â€Å"good†, in reality per se it is an acceptable way to end a fairly evil man. In this sense, Ofelia’s objective of making both worlds a better place to live in was achieved – in the fantasy world by completing all her tasks and in the real world through her death.Characters as Compared to Greek MythsThe title itself was a referral to the Greek god Pan, although the director and writer of the story denied having derived the Faun from Pan the Greek God. Perhaps, it is the similarity of the features that was compared to. The Faun personification of half man-half goat was first used in The Chronicles of Narnia as the trickster who wanted to kidnap Lucy but changed his mind later on. In Pan’s Labyrinth, the Faun was used as the guide with unknown objective – either the good or the bad. Is he telling the truth? Is he just tricking Ofelia to lure her into his trap? But we find out later that he was just testing Ofelia’s good heart if she could spill an innocent’s blood just to achieve her goals.The pale man who was guarding the magical dagger was perhaps derived from the â€Å"Cycladic idols†that archaeologists found in the Cycladic Islands. These figurines have white bodies, featureless faces, and stiff, formal poses and were thought to represent death. Just like the pale man, who represented nothing but death of children (in the drawings and the mountain full of children’s shoes).The stuffing of magic stones into the big toad’s mouth ended his reign thus giving birth to the key by tricking the toad into eating the magic stones when Ofelia pla ced a big bug along with the stones and held out her hand. This was perhaps derived from the Greek myth of the feud between Zeus and his father Kronos. Kronos had this habit of eating his children when they are born, and his wife Rhea, grew tired of seeing her children being swallowed by her husband that she tricked him into swallowing a rock instead of Zeus. Therefore, Zeus grew up and eventually killed Kronos.Underlying Interpretationa. As a belief SystemThe myth surrounding Pan’s labyrinth stemmed through Ofelia’s belief system that was encouraged by the Faun of her being â€Å"The One†. The lost Princess Moana of another world, and longing to escape the present reality in which she wants to save her mother and her unborn brother, she goes on to complete the tasks presented. Ofelia firmly believed that if she could pass the stages and fulfill the responsibilities given to her, she would finally be able to see her father, who was waiting for her for a long tim e.Embodying a Social ConflictPan’s labyrinth was set in the Post Civil War Spain in 1944. Captain Vidal is the head of one unit somewhere in the province who still hunts and kills rebel guerillas who are against the fascist rule. Carmen, Ofelia’s mother, had submitted herself, Ofelia and her unborn son’s fate into the hands of Captain Vidal. Perhaps love? But the sternness of Vidal and the lack of amiability between supposed to be husband and wife (Vidal and Carmen) lead the writer to assume that perhaps it is a mother’s survival instinct. Widowed with one kid during the hard times, perhaps the best chance of survival is to go with a powerful man to protect her self and ensure a good future for her children.Unknowingly, Carmen had entered a dark realm in which the man she though would rescue them, would be the sole reason of their demise. Confronted with the reality that Captain Vidal is a â€Å"bad†man, Ofelia tried to tell her mother who refuses to see the â€Å"real†Captain Vidal. Therefore, having no resolution and powerless to change the situation, Ofelia resulted into building her own world, from her imagination, through the fairy tale books that she was reading. It was through her mind that the blank book that the Faun gave her imprint instructions on what to do and how to do it.It was also with the Faun’s help that Carmen’s health condition got better (for a while) by placing a mandrake root under her bed; although one person in the real world, through Mercedes, may have seem to have the courage to change things, but still powerless to help Ofelia and her mother during their suffering, eventually stepped up to change and had Captain Vidal killed, but it was already too late for Carmen and Ofelia, for both have already lost their lives.c. AllegoryThe tasks performed by Ofelia in the parallel world are an allegory of her trying to escape and stop the cruel ruling of her stepfather Captain Vidal. O felia had pushed the stone that she found at the road to a mouth of a stone sculpture that started the chain of events – Carmen felt better to continue the travel. The Faun represents another entity that forces Ofelia to follow orders and be a good girl – just like Captain Vidal, he gives orders to his men and expects loyalty and respect or else he would kill them. The task of retrieving the magic key inside a giant toad’s stomach could be an allegory of Ofelia trying to find favor from Captain Vidal, but unlike the toad where she was successful; she was repulsed by Vidal and was treated just like anybody else.The pale man in the long table with bountiful fruits and images of children being eaten and mound full of children’s shoes is an allegory of Captain Vidal seating on the same setting, eating delicious food while the rest of the townspeople fall in line to get their rations. The last task that is to sacrifice her little brother for her to be able to open the portal, but did not do so and in the eventuality lost her life; is an allegory of Vidal sacrificing Ofelia’s life, he did what Ofelia did not do, that is to kill, and the consequence of Vidal’s action was death in the hands of the rebels. All the while, Ofelia was pointed out as The One that would make a significant change in the real world, and as The One missing Princess Moana in the parallel world.ConclusionThe movie was full of symbolism and parallelism that are subject to different opinions and interpretations by various scholars. The comparisons and allegories discussed in this paper may seem absurd or untoward by other scholars but myth interpretation is by itself subjective, and as a free and imaginative thinker, through a proper structure, the writer had expressed his/her opinions and views accordingly. There may be some that the writer had missed or other areas that were overlooked, but all things considered, this is a brief analysis of the movie Pan ’s Labyrinth with regards to myth interpretation.ReferencesCampbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces.Powell, Barry B. Classical Myth. Fifth Edition
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Company - Essay Example ) brand positioning is vital for any company as it helps visualize the services offered by the brand and how the company may accrue the maximal benefits from the existing opportunities. In line with this argument, it is evident that brand positioning is crucial for the marketing strategies of companies (Grams, 2011; Schmid, 2013). For the case of AsiaTravel.com, the company needed to design marketing programs that may help it attract different types of clients to its business. In terms of competitive advantage, evidently AsiaTravel.com needs to make clear identification of its major competitors. Through this aspect, AsiaTravel can tell its positioning in the market, and then take the best decision that would allow it pose the strongest competition (AirTravel.com, n.d). Notably, AsiaTravel may look for similar companies that offer the same or alternative services and products in an attempt to design its competition strategy. Through this approach, the company may provide quicker, discounted and a wide array of services as opposed to its competitors. In this quest, Roll (2005) indicates that a SWOT analysis will be of use to assess the place of the company in the general market. The brand AsiaTravel.com is proud of its single product that offers three services to its clients (AirTravel.com, n.d). This is an added advantage to this company as this service provides an exceptional to other services offered by other brands. In the course of competition, AsiaTravel.com will stand out from other companies as its services are of a better quality, favorable price and flexible to its clients. McGhie (2012) is of the opinion that in the event that a company determines its brand’s strong points, the company will be on the frontline to deal with its competitors. This fact places AsiaTravel.com at a better stance over other competitors. However, AsiaTravel.com has a lot to do in its brand positioning as rebranding is only way to competitiveness and equity in the company.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words
Case Study Example It was launched in 2008 November and has since grown significantly since then. The website was founded focusing on collective buying power. Today it serves over 150 markets locally and over 100 additional markets all over the world. Today it has more than 150 million subscribers around the world and over $ 4 billion dollars in revenue (Kim, Lee, & Park, 2013). As an internet application, the platform must ensure that it has a competitive advantage over other online platforms. Ensuring that users have a way of adding their own data to what the platform provides is significant because it enables participation that could market the platform further. The platform has harnessed a collective intelligence by creating architecture of participation for the users both implicitly and explicitly. For instance, the website provides discounts of products manufactured by different companies throughout its markets. To ensure that these companies directly interact with customers, the website has provided a way of customers interacting with these manufacturers by providing a way for customers to use discounted gift certificates in local or national companies. This puts the customers in a position to directly make comments about the products they buy to the companies and improve product quality. The platform has also provided a way for customers to put comm ents in the website about the services they receive. The platform has also done this by allowing merchants to put their won description and products. This platform depends significantly on the experiences of consumers with respect to the services they get and on the experiences of the companies that they deal with. Any negative experience could affect the platform detrimentally. Therefore, harnessing collective intelligence is key to the platforms continued success and to ensure that negative experiences are resolved with immediate effect to ensure that the company is not brought down. Harnessing collective
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Nestle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Nestle - Essay Example Nestle’s Nescafe, the leading coffee brand, is drank in almost every country and the company owns scores of other household names, including confectionery such as Kit Kat, Smarties, Yorkie and Aero along with Perrier water, in the UK. Hot Pockets in the US, Baeren Marke in Germany, Mucilon in Brazil, Orion chocolate in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia and Maggi seasoning in Asia are among its well-known brand names. (Johnston) The past two years has seen Nestle’s Maggi ready-mix seasoning targeting Asian ethnic cuisine with mixes for sautees, broths and others. The new Cranberry Raisenets was launched in March last year as an addition to the Nestle Raisinets family. To take care of distribution Nestle has 406 subsidiaries and offices in 104 countries and joint ventures with Coca-Cola, General Mills, L'Oreal and Fonterra, not to include several other corporations not as large (â€Å"Nestle SA: Who, Where, How Much?†) Nestle aggressively promotes its products and is hig hly visible in energy drinks and supplements for athletes. In developing countries where it sources some of its raw materials, Nestle is highly visible in events which build up the goodwill and image it has established over the decades of doing its businesses. Nestle’s Milo in Asia has built a solid image as an energy drink indispensable in the growth of young aspiring athletes.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Philip's vs. Matsushita Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Philip's vs. Matsushita - Essay Example Both brothers and their father worked hard and by 1900, Philips was the third largest light-bulb producer in Europe. Philips concentrated only on light-bulb technology development. Company policy was to scrap old plants and use new machines or factories whenever advances were made in new production technology. It also established hi-tech laboratories for R&D and it developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that was a great commercial success (Bartlett, 2006, p. 1). In 1899, Philips initiated its offshore business and within a decade it expanded its sales network across Japan, Australia, Canada, Brazil, United State and Russia. In 1919, Philips made an agreement with Genera Electric, giving each company the use of the other's patents. In 1918, Philips introduced the electronic vacuum tubes; eight years it lunched its first radios to market, capturing a 20% world market share within a decade; and during the 1930s, Philips began producing X-ray tubes (Bartlett, 2006, p. 2). During World War II Allied and German bombing had targeted and damaged most of Philips’ manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands, the management board decided to build the postwar organization on the strengths of the national organizations (NOs). The independent NOs had a great advantage in being able to sense and respond to the local market demands and differences. These NOs were also free in financial, legal, and administrative matters, and also to built their own technical capabilities and product development.
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Assignment 04 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
04 - Assignment Example Some of these factors are as follows: In addition to these factors, the rate of crime in these poor neighborhoods is high due to poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. Such communities are characterized by gangs, and the young male is forced to join a gang when they come of age since there are few options for them to pursue. I agree with the writer concerning her findings on the criminal justice system in these neighborhoods. The failure of the justice system is not entirely the problem. Judging from the way of life of these communities, it can be said that the government has failed in its responsibility to its people. The phrase â€Å"low hanging fruit†means an easy target, or something that is easy to accomplish. In her article, Gonnerman (2015) points out that the murder cases in these black-American communities have not been given a priority to solve. This means their cases are easy to solve since they do not need much attention. This puts them in a different class from other communities such as the white communities whose cases are a priority and need much time and resources to handle. This brings out the meaning of the metaphor â€Å"Low hanging fruit†as depicted in the passage (Para 11). If I were the dictator leader of such a state, I would solve the problem by fast providing what the community needs; education and employment. The government needs to invest in such neighborhoods, and provide enough education facilities to the community. I addition to that, the government should pass and implement a law that every young person should attend school. This will diminish the level of illiteracy and unemployment thus cutting down on the rate of crime. Afterwards, the work of the criminal justice system will be reduced, making them more
Monday, September 23, 2019
Leadership, Coaching and Mentoring Scrapbook Essay
Leadership, Coaching and Mentoring Scrapbook - Essay Example The benefit of experiential learning is to give learners active involvement and better problem solving skills through the effort (Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner 2007). This type of learning involves â€Å"a direct encounter with phenomenon being studied rather than just thinking about solutions to a problem†(Brookfield 1990, p.71). I felt privileged to understand how experiential learning can be beneficial by giving employees a purpose for learning. So, I thought about experiential learning and how it could be applied to a real-world organisation. This would be a critical learning process especially in an organisation where there is no real moral accountability and in a decentralised business that needs better human capital. Some organisations need positivist learners, those who understand moral accountability and its importance to business growth and reputation. Many organisations need employees and managers that consider ethics and morals. Much of this cannot always be learned through instruction and lecturing. For example, if many Wall Street firms had been more up front and ethical about their business practices in recent years it is likely the Occupy Wall Street situation would not have occurred. I think that experiential learning, such as role playing, would give employees more knowledge about ethical behaviours by exposing them to different situations where ethical responses are needed. I was able to review more research data on experiential learning and found through the analysis that it has more positive gains than negative outcomes. Businesses need to have a culture that is devoted to ethics and morality as described the lecture materials. According to Fairholm (2009), a leader must inspire vision and mission, be visionary and also teach others through inspiration. This is known as transformational leadership style. If more organisations such as Wall Street investment firms had moral accountability learned through role playing, they would be better off in representing the moral interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. Role playing as experiential learning actually creates more interest in learning than through just instruction (Poorman 2002). I really found this to be interesting in experiential
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Rachel Carson in Environmental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Rachel Carson in Environmental - Essay Example Aside from the environmental problems discussed by Carson, the author also revealed an underlying economic problem that gave rise to the need for pesticides – â€Å"overproduction†. To respond to the ever-increasing appetite of the U.S. population for crops, farmers have abandoned traditional methods of agriculture and adopted faster means of reaping thousands of tonnage of produce in a short amount of time. This economic greed for abundance resulted not just to acreages of land being attacked by pests, but to garbage bins being filled up by excess food dumped by insatiable, bloated citizens. Carson reminds us to take care of the environment and, at the same time, holds a mirror from which we could reflect on our unhealthy consumption practices. Another argument Carson raises to which this paper agrees is the lack of government participation in pesticide use where â€Å"abuses go unchecked in both state and federal agencies†. The government should devote financia l and manpower resources to test the toxicity of pesticides on the market, layout safety guidelines for their use, and, ideally, recommend safer methods of controlling pest infestations. In addition, current agricultural practices should be re-evaluated in order to come up with novel farming methods that are more aligned with the natural cycle of the environment. A strong political will that balances the laws of nature, the needs of the economy, and the interests of citizens is necessary to execute the changes needed in the government.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Principles of infection prevention and control Essay Example for Free
Principles of infection prevention and control Essay The Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulations 1992, Controlled Waste Regulations 1992, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, The Food Safety Act 1990 and also the Food Safety Act (General Food Hygiene) Regulations 1995. The Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984 states that doctors in England and Wales are obligated to make a ‘Proper Officer’ of the local authority aware if they are aware of or suspect an individual is suffering from what is deemed a notifiable disease. The procedure in that scenario to be carried out is that a doctor is required to complete a certificate stating the individual’s personal details such as name, age, sex and also the address of the building where the individual is. The condition the individual is either suffering or suspected suffering from, the date the condition started and if the building where the individual is located is a hospital the date the individual was admitted to hospital, the location where the individual came from to get to the hospital and an opinion has to be given from the authorised person giving the certificate is the condition was contracted in the hospital. A list of notifiable diseases can be accessed on the Health Protection Agency’s website. In the United Kingdom suspected diseases and diagnosed diseases that have to be reported are bacteria, viruses and various other diseases. Read more: Key principles of good personal hygiene Bacteria diseases consist of: Anthrax, Botulism, Brucellosis, Cholera, Diphtheria, Encephalitis, Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), Legionnaire’s Disease, Leprosy, Meningococcal septicaemia/ Acute Meningitis, Paratyphoid fever, pertussis also known as Whooping Cough, Plague, Scarlet Fever, Group A Streptococcal disease, Tetanus, Tuberculosis (TB), Typhoid Fever and Typhus. The virus diseases that mandatory to report are: Hepatitis, Measles, Mumps, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, Rubella, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Smallpox, Yellow Fever and Viral haemorrhagic fever. The other diseases that are required to be reported are: Food poisoning and Malaria. All organisations should keep copies of either the notification certificate or counterfoils from a notification book are securely held and also retained for the recommended minimum period of time as a records management consideration.
Friday, September 20, 2019
Procedure Oriented Programming
Procedure Oriented Programming  Submitted by: Gagandeep Singh Brar Procedure oriented programming is a set of functions. In this program Clanguage is used. To perform any particular task, set of function are compulsory. For example , a program may involve collecting data from user, performing some kind of calculation on that data and printing the data on screen when is requested. Calculating, reading or printing can be written in a program with the help of different functions on different tasks. POP method also emphases the functions or the subroutines. Structure of POP method Here is some problems in POP method like its difficult to handling data because it gives no importance to data. Dat means the information that are collected from user and after calculation new result come. If any one is familiar with C programming than he may recollect storage classes in C. In C, data member is declared GLOBAL in order to make 2 or more functions in the program. What happen when 2 or functions on the same data member. For example, when if there are 7 functions in a program and this become a global data member. Unfortunately, if the value of any global data member or that may key element than it will affect the whole program. It is a big problem to identify that which function is causing the problem. Handling of data functions in POP One of the most important feature of C language is structure. Programmer use integer data, decimal point data(float), array data pack together into single entity by using structure. The reason of the popularity of structure was introduced first by c language. Object Oriented Programming An OOP method differs from POP in its basic approach itself. All the best features of structured of OOP is developed by retaining the programming method, in which they have added number of concepts which makes efficient programming. Object oriented programming methods have number of features and it makes possible an entirely new way of approaching a program. We have to mind first that OOP retains all best features of POP method like functions/sub routines, structure etc. 1) The first feature that any programmer would talk about OOP is data hiding facility. Programmer can hide the important core data from external world by using OOP method. The basic concept of OOP revolves around a feature similar to structure in POP, named as class in OOP.. Data members can be declared as private or public inside a class. Programmer have to note that a class is really similar to structure in C. Due to same structure, a class packs together different things into a single entity. 2) Another important feature of OOP is code reusability. The simple means of code reusability is just that the code is written earlier in program or read or used it later. This is made possible by a feature of classes named inheritance. By using inheritance, one class can acquire the properties of another class. Let i will try to explain this using an example. Take the example of a School Management System and management decided to make software based on the data of students only. The programmer made the software and deciding to collecting personal details like Name, Age, Sex, Address etc. After one year school management decides to incorporate data of teachers to the software. The programmer can add this extension within a small time as he can reuse many of the codes he had written earlier by making use of inheritance. The class personal details is of general nature (Age, Sex etc are same for every person irrespective of student/teacher). ( CircuitsToday, 2015) C codes #include #include //1 FILE *fpgagan; //the actual students file FILE *fp1gagan; //temporary file    struct st_record    {        int id;        char fname[20];        char lname[20];        char class_name[20];        char address[40];        char phone[12];        char email[20];    };    struct st_record s1; void main() {    menu(); } menu() {    int choice;    printf(nPress 1 to create a new record);    printf(nPress 2 to edit an existing record);    printf(nPress 3 to search records);    printf(nPress 4 to delete a record);    printf(nPress 5 to exit this p program n);    scanf(%d, choice);    if(choice == 1)    {        create_fn();    }    else if(choice == 2)    {        edit_fn();    }    else if(choice == 3)    {        search_fn();    }    else if(choice == 4)    {        delete_fn();    }    else if(choice == 5)    {        exit_fn();    }    else    {        printf(nPlease enter the correct choice);        menu();    } } create_fn() {    printf(nStudent ID :);    scanf(%d, s1.id);    printf(nFirst name :);    scanf(%s, s1.fname);    printf(nLast name :);    scanf(%s, s1.lname);    printf(nClass name :);    scanf(%s, s1.class_name);    printf(nAddress :);    scanf(%s, s1.address);    printf(nPhone :);    scanf(%s, s1.phone);    printf(nEmail :);    scanf(%s, s1.email);    fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,a+); //3    fprintf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email); //4    fclose(fpgagan);    menu(); } edit_fn() {    printf(nThis is the edit function);    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+);            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1) {                    found=1;                     printf(nStudent record found.);                     printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     printf(nEnter the new details now);                     printf(nStudent ID :);                     scanf(%d, s1.id);                     printf(nFirst name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.fname);                     printf(nLast name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.lname);                     printf(nClass name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.class_name);                     printf(nAddress :);                     scanf(%s, s1.address);                     printf(nPhone :);                     scanf(%s, s1.phone);                     printf(nEmail :);                     scanf(%s, s1.email);                     fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     continue;                    }                else {                        fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                }                }                fclose(fpgagan);                fclose(fp1gagan);                remove(students.txt);                rename(students1.txt,students.txt);        }       if(found!=1)       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }    menu(); } search_fn() {    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1)                    found=1;                }        }       if(found==1)       {         printf(nStudent record found.);         printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);       }       else       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }       menu(); } delete_fn() {    printf(nThis is the delete function);    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+);            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1) {                    found=1;                     printf(nStudent record found.);                     printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     printf(nRecord deleted);                     continue;                    }                else {                        fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                }                }                fclose(fpgagan);                fclose(fp1gagan);                remove(students.txt);                rename(students1.txt,students.txt);        }       if(found!=1)       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }    menu(); } exit_fn() {     printf(nThis is the exit function); } Here we are recording three students record In this screen short we are able to see the record of the students In this screen shot we try to editing the record Here we can see the change in the record. Here we try to delete the record And in this screen shot only one record is left CircuitsToday. (2015). Retrieved from Difference between Procedure Oriented(POP) and Object Oriented Programming(OOP): http://www.circuitstoday.com/difference-between-procedure-oriented-and-object-oriented-programming
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Getting Sober :: Expository Cause Effect Essays
Getting Sober To recognize that they have drinking problems, alcoholics have to be completely miserable and willing to change. When they get to this point, it is called their "bottom." There are "high bottom" and "low bottom" drunks, but it doesn't matter as long as they get sober. There are many different reasons why an alcoholic decides to get sober, but in my own case, I lost my self-esteem, I couldn't control my drinking, and my life became unmanageable. The first thing that made me think about getting sober was that I lost my self-esteem. I always used to cut myself down in front of people and never knew how to accept compliments- sure signs of low self-esteem. The biggest symptom I had of low self-esteem was that I wasn't comfortable in my own skin or around people unless I was drunk because the only way I could stand myself was when I drank. I also never cared about my appearance, so I wouldn't wear make-up, fix my hair, or bathe regularly. Still, low self-esteem was something I would never have guessed I had-that is, until I thought about killing myself. Then I knew something might be wrong. The second thing that made me want to get sober was the realization that I couldn't control my drinking-it had become a mental and physical obsession. Since my first drink at the age of twelve I couldn't go a day without a drink, and I could never have just one. By the age of seventeen I was used to drinking a case and a half of beer a day, and for the next two years I lived in a drunken fog. I could not go to school, work, or anywhere else outside my front door without a drink or the promise of one. I finally realized something had to be done when I couldn't get a drink one day and swallowing my own spit made me violently sick. I was forced to drink NyQuil to keep from throwing up because it was the only alcohol in the house. But the main reason I got sober was that my life became unmanageable. The first thing that made me notice I was out of control was getting kicked out of high school two weeks before graduation.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- William Shakespeare Haml
William Shakespeare's Hamlet There are enough conceptions, and thus misconceptions, about the melancholy Dane to fill volumes. However, while none of them has proved entirely acceptable, some of them, such as the diagnoses that Hamlet simply â€Å"procrastinates†or â€Å"cannot make up his mind†prove utterly unsatisfactory under careful scrutiny of the play and, perhaps more importantly, Hamlet himself. Indeed, it appears as if there are certain points in the play in which Hamlet comes to reversals as he eventually counters each one of his own arguments and concludes each of his struggles, until, in his return from England, he is someone quite different from the self-loathing, melancholy, emotionally torn man in the â€Å"inky cloak†(I.ii.77) to the one who proclaims â€Å"This is I,/ Hamlet the Dane†(V.i.258). One theme throughout Hamlet is a desire for suicide, a self-loathing that prompts him, time and time again, even after he receives a vocation from his dead father to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder†(I.v.26), to consider taking his own life and, in so doing, allow him to escape from the world, a prison, â€Å"A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o’th’ worst†(II.ii.246-248). From the first time the audience sees Hamlet, before his meeting with the ghost, it is clear that he has a strained relationship with God: â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/his canon ‘gainst self-slaughter!†(I.ii.131-132): later on, in the same soliloquy, calling the world â€Å"weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable†(I.ii.133). Hamlet’s famed melancholy is at once apparent and understandable: his father is dead under questionable circumstances, his mother, the essence of â€Å"frai lty†(I.ii.146), remarried i... ... own demise in a revenge tragedy instills regard, yes, but significantly less than watching the slow decay of the intellectual from the self-loathing pensive student of the first act to the fatalistic almost thoughtless warrior in the fifth act is not only more dramatic, but significantly more thought-provoking, and Shakespeare even hints at this fact in Act III, Scene IV: â€Å"For ‘tis the sport to have engineer/hoist with his own petard†(III.iv.213-14), suggesting that to watch the most schooled of minds drown in an incomprehensible and perplexing anguish is so utterly ironic, like the engineer blowing himself up, that it succeeds in producing, in Aristotle’s mind, the desired effects of pathos and fear, perhaps better than in any other tragedy for here it is not just the good man committing the bad deed, but the wise man succumbing to the failure of his knowledge. William Shakespeare's Hamlet Essay example -- William Shakespeare Haml William Shakespeare's Hamlet There are enough conceptions, and thus misconceptions, about the melancholy Dane to fill volumes. However, while none of them has proved entirely acceptable, some of them, such as the diagnoses that Hamlet simply â€Å"procrastinates†or â€Å"cannot make up his mind†prove utterly unsatisfactory under careful scrutiny of the play and, perhaps more importantly, Hamlet himself. Indeed, it appears as if there are certain points in the play in which Hamlet comes to reversals as he eventually counters each one of his own arguments and concludes each of his struggles, until, in his return from England, he is someone quite different from the self-loathing, melancholy, emotionally torn man in the â€Å"inky cloak†(I.ii.77) to the one who proclaims â€Å"This is I,/ Hamlet the Dane†(V.i.258). One theme throughout Hamlet is a desire for suicide, a self-loathing that prompts him, time and time again, even after he receives a vocation from his dead father to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder†(I.v.26), to consider taking his own life and, in so doing, allow him to escape from the world, a prison, â€Å"A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o’th’ worst†(II.ii.246-248). From the first time the audience sees Hamlet, before his meeting with the ghost, it is clear that he has a strained relationship with God: â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed/his canon ‘gainst self-slaughter!†(I.ii.131-132): later on, in the same soliloquy, calling the world â€Å"weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable†(I.ii.133). Hamlet’s famed melancholy is at once apparent and understandable: his father is dead under questionable circumstances, his mother, the essence of â€Å"frai lty†(I.ii.146), remarried i... ... own demise in a revenge tragedy instills regard, yes, but significantly less than watching the slow decay of the intellectual from the self-loathing pensive student of the first act to the fatalistic almost thoughtless warrior in the fifth act is not only more dramatic, but significantly more thought-provoking, and Shakespeare even hints at this fact in Act III, Scene IV: â€Å"For ‘tis the sport to have engineer/hoist with his own petard†(III.iv.213-14), suggesting that to watch the most schooled of minds drown in an incomprehensible and perplexing anguish is so utterly ironic, like the engineer blowing himself up, that it succeeds in producing, in Aristotle’s mind, the desired effects of pathos and fear, perhaps better than in any other tragedy for here it is not just the good man committing the bad deed, but the wise man succumbing to the failure of his knowledge.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
The Importance of Leadership Essay -- student leadership program
When I first found out about the school's leadership program, I thought it was something I wanted to do. However, I almost did not apply for it. I filled out the application on the last day it was due and waited in anticipation for an answer. The leadership program has been a positive experience in my life. It has helped me to experience new things and change my way of thinking; it has helped me to become more direct, open and sincere; and it has introduced me to new, interesting, and wonderful people. Â Through The leadership program, I have experienced many different things and have been introduced to new and different ways of thinking. The new and different experiences I had include working on a community service project with 25 of my peers (with help from our instructors and mentors) and working on an individual leadership project. The numerous and diverse speakers that taught the class each week brought with them unique perspectives. The speaker that I found most enlightening was Lance Brunner because his presentation awakened new emotions in me. Lance Brunner's session was about Mindfulness. The way he taught was attention grabbing. It focused the whole class's attention on what he was talking about. I especially like the point he made about thoughts being impermanent and how we should not let them control what we do. Lance taught me that a thought is as permanent or impermanent as everything else... ... leadership project and the group project helped me very much in my evolution as an Emerging Leader (Individual). I have become fond of all these people, and will know and work with a lot of these individuals throughout my college career, and maybe life. Â Through the experiences I have had in the leadership program, such as the weekly sessions that featured speakers on diversity and individual ethics, and working on individual and group leadership and community service projects, I have learned to look at things from different perspectives and experienced new and different things that I will carry with me and use the rest of my life. I am glad I filled out that the leadership program application.
Monday, September 16, 2019
How does Steinbeck present the character of Crooks in chapter 4? Essay
Chapter 4 of the ‘Of Mice and Men’ novella introduces a character named Crooks. Crooks isn’t shown as a main character of the story, but is given much light in this chapter. Crooks is a black man set on a 1930’s ranch, working as a stable buck. Steinbeck presents the Character of Crooks to us as he wouldn’t of been considered during the times of the ‘Great Depression’ and shows us the negative stereotypes of black people in an American 1930’s society. Crooks is a minority character introduced in chapter 4. Page 66 reads â€Å"negro stable buck.†Crooks’ character is introduced exactly the way he would be seen by other ranch workers. Steinbeck’s intentions of presenting Crooks for the first time to us in this way, is to give us the outline of the black workers of 1930’s America. Steinbeck wanted us to instantly recognise the prejudice black people faced before we got to know his character. A white person of the 1930’s would of saw Crooks as a black worker and nothing. Steinbeck chose to introduce Crooks’ character in the way people then would of saw him to the way we continue to see him as we learn the extent of his character. Steinbeck gives careful detail of Crooks’ room. At the beginning of chapter 4, page 66 reads â€Å"a long box filled with straw, on which his blankets were flung.†Crooks’ bunk is described as an untidy and uncomfortable place to rest, much similar to the animal’s with whom he shares the harness room with. The importance of Crooks’ room is to demonstrate the segregation of America in the 1930’s. As Crooks is a black man he isn’t allowed to sleep in the bunk house with the white workers. In addition, nobody considers Crooks’ disablement, when leaving him to live in these inhumane conditions because he was a black man who they saw had no standing. Crooks’ room suggests the means of his life. The description of his room, on page 66 reads â€Å"which hung broken harness in process of being mended.†This suggests that Crooks has no separation from his working life to his personal life. Linking back to the previous point, segregation of the white men and the black men consequences Crooks to remain in the harness room where he works. Therefore, his life revolves around the four walls of his room merely swapping from his work to his rest in an uncomfortable bed. Crooks is presented to us an intelligent man despite his race. On page 67 of chapter 4, the description states â€Å"a mauled copy of the California Civil Code 1905.†This is proof that Crooks is able to read, which suggests his intelligence, but also shows us he is aware of the rights he is entitled to as a black man. Furthermore, because Crooks knows his rights and standing, he understands that he is a minority among the ranch workers as he is the only black worker. Crooks is a lonely character amongst the ranch workers. Nearer the beginning of the chapter, amongst Lennie’s entrance, on page 68 Crooks states â€Å"Don‘t come in a place where you‘re not wanted.†Crooks is shown being harsh to Lennie, and trying to push him away. This suggests that Crooks’ loneliness has caused him to no longer accept any kindness, whether its from a white or black man. However, because of the segregation between the black and white workers, Crooks seems to be talking to himself rather than to Lennie. This is suggested by Crooks, already being aware of the discrimination he faces by being excluded from the bunk house with the white workers, he is ’not wanted’ by them which is exactly what he says to Lennie. Crooks comes across as defensive towards Lennie being in his room. He states on page 68, â€Å"I got a right to have a light.†He is very quick in his response to Lennie. Crooks does this because he is afraid of being hurt by anyone, holding a barrier up towards the other workers who already discriminate him. He being the ethnic minority, more than likely considers any comment to be a personal criticism of a black man’s room. This is symbolic and he declares having a light is a basic human right he is entitled to. Lennie being mentally much less able gives the ideal opportunity to help exercise some authority in Crooks‘ life. Page 71 for instance, â€Å"S’pose George don’t come back no more. (†¦) What’ll you do then?†is terminative. By this stage of the chapter, there has been a power shift. Crooks is fully aware of the distress this would cause Lennie, as he would struggle to manage alone. The terminative comments are cruel and are linked to his jealousy of the companionship of George and Lennie, page 71 one quotes a â€Å"private victory†and even pleasure in some way. Steinbeck is presenting the bad streak that loneliness is drawing from Crooks, as a minority character. Being in most ways isolated, Crooks has excitement and great curiosity due to his desperation for social interaction. In chapter 4, page 69, he questions Lennie, â€Å"You travel around’ with George don’t ya?†. Crooks is being shown as curious and nosy into Lennie’s relationship with George. However, this is suggesting more into Crooks enjoyment into having a conversation with someone other than himself, by asking questions he keeps the interaction going because he isn’t used to having company. Crooks continues to hide his excitement upon Candy‘s arrival. Page 74 of chapter 4 sees Candy‘s entrance to Crooks‘ room, â€Å"You can come in if you want.†Crooks’ reply to Candy is less defensive than previously, as Lennie’s child-like kindness has created a domino effect. This is showing him to be much more welcoming, which suggests he doesn’t want to be obvious about his excitement. Crooks is at ease as his barrier is broken down, and his excitement is buried whilst he still craves the conversation Crooks is faced with racial prejudice from Curley’s wife in chapter 4. For example, page 80 reads â€Å"Listen. Nigger (†¦) You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?†Curley’s wife brings trouble to his door, thinking she has the moral high ground, power to play god in his life. Steinbeck’s intentions were to show how being a ‘nigger’ is a human being portrayed as simply nothing, having no traits, or feelings. Crooks has no standing and is powerless as a minority. Any defence he may put forward would not even be heard, because of the racial prejudice he faces. As the story unfolds Crooks becomes very pessimistic in his outlook towards the American dreams of Ranch Workers. Chapter 4, page 73 Crooks states â€Å"They come, an‘ they quit an‘ they go on; an‘ every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head.†Crooks’ views are very pessimistic but also realistic, as he has experienced dream after dream after dream that has failed. Steinbeck presents Crooks with cynical views at this point of the chapter, which supports Crooks‘ understanding that loneliness drives you to insanity. Crooks feels nostalgic about his childhood. Page 70 shows Crooks tell Lennie â€Å"The white kids come to play at our place (†¦) some of them was pretty nice.†This suggests his nostalgic feelings, making him vulnerable at this stage. Willingly disclosing such a personal memory helps with our understanding of this character, he is wise and able to distinguish the fact that not all white people are racist. This is a contrasting point in the chapter, as we understand Crooks’ want for social acceptance, because during his childhood he wasn’t exposed to the racial discrimination he faces at his present day. Crooks needs a dream to give him hope during the great depression of the 1930’s. Page 73 of chapter 4 reads â€Å"Had a strawberry patch. Had an alfalfa patch.†This shows us Crooks’ childhood of him already experiencing the land, which suggests Crooks’ understanding of the freedom of the American dream lifestyle the ranch workers want. Furthermore, the use of the repeated word ‘had’ suggests that Steinbeck has written George and Lennie’s dream in reverse through Crooks’ childhood. Crooks character has a need for companionship due to his loneliness. Page 73 of chapter 4 sees Crooks explaining to Lennie â€Å"If some guy was with me, he could tell me I was asleep, an‘ then it would be all right.†Crooks is trying to emphasize the fact he has no reassurance when he has bad dreams or pessimistic thoughts. This shows Crooks’ character dwelling on how alone he is without anyone to talk to or interact with. Companionship creates confidence in Crooks’ character. Page 77 shows Crooks in defence to Curley’s Wife â€Å"We don’t want no trouble.†The use of the word ’we’ shows Crooks having confidence to defend himself alongside Candy and Lennie. This shows that having companionship makes Crooks’ character more confident. Furthermore, this suggests that after Crooks lets his barrier down to Candy and Lennie, and starting to have hope, Crooks could gain companionship by achieving the American dream. In conclusion, Steinbeck’s character of Crooks is used to convey the effects of racial oppression and loneliness for black people during 1930’s America. Using his situation on the ranch to give us a glimpse of society and the realism. Steinbeck presents Crooks on a personal level in chapter 4. He does this by letting us experience the racism and discrimination Crooks receives for being black, not so much disabled, after we get to know and understand the intelligence and extent of his character. Therefore, our emotions are heightened and we are led to feel sympathy for Crooks.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Do Childrens Feet Grow with Age Essay
Newman (2011:35) states ‘older kids have bigger feet’. This experiment will explore through an investigation whether childrens shoe sizes do get bigger as they get older. In order for this to be proven, data needs to be collencted, this will be done so by going into a local school and verbally asking pupils and their parents what shoe size they take. The main objective of this experiment if to find out if the hypothesis is correct or incorrect. Aim The aim of this experiment is to determine whether childrens shoe sizes get bigger as they get older. The hypothesis will be tested by completing an experiment, then by examining the results it will be seen whether the hypothesis was right or wrong. Hypothesis – As children get older their shoe size increases Null Hypothesis – As children get older their shoe size does not increase. Method It was decided to collect the data in form of a simple table. This was decided because only certain information was needed about an age and shoe size, therefore a questionnaire would not be suitable. Also, considering the investigation was mainly aimed at children, the table was the simplest way to collect the data. It was decided to ask the parents of the younger children what their shoe size was as it was assumed most younger children would not know their shoe size. Design and Materials The type of study completed is one which gives an outcome of qualitative data. Furthermore, this can then be shown to be ‘continuous data’, where the data can fall anywhere over a certain range and the scale is only restricted by the accuracy of measuring, in this circumstance, measuring children’s shoe sizes (Mathematics Enhancement programme 2000).
Department of Veteran’s Affairs’ Health Care Delivery System
In the past few decades, the role of the Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) as a health care delivery system has raised awareness among health care administrators, veterans, and policy makers alike. The core mission of the VA delivery system is to provide primary care, specialized care, and related medical and social support services to veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). Some of the most common medical benefits awarded under the VA are to veterans who have become disabled by illness or injury in the line of duty during military service. As a result, the VA health care delivery system serves as a safety net because many of the veterans served are psychologically and economically disadvantaged and have a high disease burden (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition, veterans who use the VA health care system have a higher level of illness than the average population, and 60 percent have no private or Medigap insurance. The VA health care delivery system provides many services for veterans, and also contributes greatly in managing health care resources. Research indicates that the availability of federal, state and local government funds to subsidize the care of persons left without services varies by state and community and may not match community need (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In this way, the VA health care delivery system contributes in managing health care resources because it takes on the strains of existing alternatives. Within this patchwork, the VA health delivery system stands out as a significant, coordinated, nationwide safety net for veterans (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA also cares for small vulnerable populations for whom care is expensive but generally unprofitable in the private sector (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). In addition to veterans with service connected injuries, illness and exposures and former prisoners of war, the VA is legislated to treat veterans with special disabilities of spinal cord dysfunction, blindness, amputation, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse and homelessness resulting from mental illness (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA headquarters manages its networks by setting goals and defining strategies to maximize health care value throughout the nation. Value is defined as balanced performance of five factors: cost, access, technical quality, patient functional ability, and patient satisfaction (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). The VA headquarters also focuses on developing a standardized management and monitoring system that supports risk adjusted comparative analysis among networks (Wilson & Kizer, 1997). These efforts are designed to assure that high quality care is consistently delivered. The VA health care delivery system also plays an important role in transitioning patients from one level to another level of care in the health care continuum. This transitional role can be illustrated through the VA's treatment of serious health problems such as Parkinson's Disease, which currently affects about 1. 5 million Americans who are diagnosed with the disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, with physical symptoms of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (Mitchell et. al. , 1996). It can usually be diagnosed based on the medical history and physical findings. To better address the needs of veterans with Parkinson's disease, in February 2001 the VA announced the creation of six centers specializing in Parkinson's disease (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). The VA Parkinson's centers also develop training programs for patients, families, students and health care professionals. Additionally, each site conducts a clinical demonstration program for evaluating new models of care delivery for veterans with Parkinson's disease and movement disorders (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). Furthermore, the VA hospitals are devoted to new research on Parkinson's disease in the development of surgical treatment for late-stage patients for whom medical therapy is no longer effective and development of new medications, which are more effective and have fewer side effects (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001). In this way the VA health care delivery system assisting in the transition of patients from one level to another level of care. Finally, the available research indicates that the VA health delivery system contributes well overall in providing services and managing health care resources. This health care system appears to spread itself over the areas where other health care services are lacking, thus enhancing the quality of care and services provided. As long as market forces dominate the health care industry and state and local funding vary, the stabilizing influence of a national safety net such as the VA health care delivery system becomes more crucial. As improvements in health care become more necessary and evident, the VA system will continue to improve the standards of health care for all veterans. Future analysis of the VA health care delivery system in comparison to other health care delivery systems will assist in evaluating the quality of care offered by the VA.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Lord of the Flies †An Alternative Ending Essay
Ralph looked up. He knew he was imagining things, and that had to stop. He focused on the essential things in life. Pigs. Sharpening sticks. Killing. Ralph stood and, set with a determination to fuel his desires, he exited the cave. He had been living in the cave for the past month. There was nothing left on his body save for a loincloth and markings on his body. He had been different from the other people since discovering the power. The power to kill the remaining survivors. Ralph walked down to the beach. The palm trees and sandy beaches were once a haven to the boys. Once. Now they were just obstacles in a war for both sides. Since Simon had died, and Piggy had disappeared, the â€Å"hunters†were fighting a war against Ralph. But luckily, none of the boys had been brave enough to kill Ralph ever since that fateful night. Ralph closed his eyes and let his memories take over. ***** It was dark that night. The boys had given up trying to chase down Ralph. Ralph had retreated to a cave, but he was too impatient to wait till the morning. He wanted to try to persuade the Hunters to change their allegiances to him. He was walking towards the sandy beach towards the rocky outcrop, taking his time, anything to delay persuading the hunters. His new found conscience was urging him along. â€Å"Go, Ralph! You might never get another chance like this!†â€Å"No!†Ralph cried! The conscience retorted, â€Å"What happened if you were bullied by a boy? Would you go confront the boy, or run away like a coward?†â€Å"This is different! These are boys, humans, like me!†yelped Ralph. â€Å"Just do it. Get it over with.†The conscience insisted. Ralph considered, â€Å"5 minutes only.†When he reached the rocky outcrop, Ralph decided to climb up the steep and potentially hurtful rock in secret for fear that the hunters would see him and not allow Ralph up to discuss matters. As he climbed to the top, the rock he was reaching for suddenly came loose and gravity took hold. Ralph prayed that the rock that hit the bottom wouldn’t make a sound. Luckily, it hit the waves and was dragged out by the tide. As Ralph struggled over the top, he saw 5 spears pointed at him, like deadly stakes. â€Å"Why are you here?†spat a savage. â€Å"I need to talk †¦ to all of you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ gasped Ralph, tired from climbing up the rock. â€Å"Get lost†¦ We don’t need to talk to you. You and us have nothing to do with each other!†snarled a savage. Roger, Ralph guessed from the intensity of the words. â€Å"It concerns about being rescued.†Ralph said with the ferocity of being a leader. â€Å"How ’bout we just kill you?†â€Å"Because I want to speak with Jack!†Ralph said the last three words ferociously, hurling himself over the edge. â€Å"What do you want?†spoke a quiet, bored voice from the darkness. â€Å"I have come to offer a treaty†â€Å"Get out.†Ralph’s anger, hatred and bitter emotions flowed out of his body in a rush of fury. â€Å"No.†he spoke with hatred about Piggy. â€Å"Get out before I kill you!!†roared Jack. thump. thump. thump. â€Å"Ignore th-!†screamed the conscience. The savages jeered â€Å"We’ll just roast you on a spit, just like a pig!†thump. Thump. THUMP. â€Å"KILL THEM!!!†shrieked the conscience with a sheer overwhelming force of hatred and cunning. Suddenly, Roger lunged for Ralph. Without warning, Ralph’s hands came up †¦ and found them on Roger’s throat. Ralph could feel this reborn conscience taking over his body†¦ and his mind. He was powerless to do anything or stop his hands. He felt the conscience growing bigger, and making him weaker. Soon, he was the conscience, and vice versa. â€Å"STOP!!!†Ralph screeched, â€Å"You’re meant to be my conscience, not take it over!†The conscience laughed â€Å"Too late, Ralph. You missed your chance. What goes around, comes around.†With a growing sense of horror, Ralph was watching, through his own eyes, the terror that unfolded. He felt the conscience becoming more and more confident, and he closed his hand on the neck. Of course, Roger struggled, however, he was no match for somebody who was strangling him with two hands. After a few seconds, Roger stopped moving. Subsequently, everybody in the vicinity could hear a sharp snap. Suddenly, panic broke out. Everybody but Ralph and Roger started screaming, and all of them were in a frenzy trying to escape – from the monster that had become Ralph. The horror of killing something worse than just a pig, about killing Roger simply for absolutely no reason, or that Ralph was always the one to uphold justice but was practicing otherwise. Feeling the blood gushing down his hands, the screams of the littleuns and biguns, the feeling of a cold hard body in his hands. His heart beat faster and faster, and he screamed. His head spun and he dry heaved. He was becoming more and more nauseated as he plummeted into the abyss. Claws grabbed him from below and tried to rip his skin. Blood materialized in his vision, but it wasn’t Ralph’s – it was Roger’s blood. He felt a searing pain on his arms and his head hurt so much†¦ ***** Ralph painfully opened his eyes. He wasn’t used to the amount of sunlight on his face – not anymore. He climbed up the rock leading to the savages’ hideout, intent on inflicting pain onto them, not caring about being rescued, about the honor of the fire, or the conch. For he, had become the Beast.
Friday, September 13, 2019
RELATIONAL DATA MODEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
RELATIONAL DATA MODEL - Essay Example I use a Windows 7 operating system; therefore I used the Oracle developer client Program to connect to connect to the database. However, I experienced some challenges while using the command prompt to type the required commands. Additionally, I was not sure at which step am I supposed to create my user name and password that will allow me to connect to the database. After a few trials the connection was set and I was able to test the connection successfully. According to the connection steps and instructions this allowed me to connect to the database as a developer. Hence, I was logged in to the Sql developer environment. Viewing data and properties of any table involves selection of the table and selecting data to be able to view the records that are stored in the table. The properties such as constraints can also be viewed by selecting the constraints tab in the connections frame. Other properties can be viewed by selecting the appropriate tabs in the connections frame. Selection of data from a table in Oracle database is achieved by using queries. The SELECT statement is used to select data and records from a table or views. By using additional commands, selection can be narrowed down to specific criteria. The SELECT statement is simple to use but requires mastery of the syntax to be used , it has both the select list such as columns from a particular table and a source list that specifies the table from which the records and data are to be sourced. SELECT statement helped me to select all the columns from the Employee table. Selection of specific columns required mentioning the column names in the SELECT statement command. These data could also be narrowed down to specific items matching specific criteria. The process is simple but requires mastery of the syntax to be included in the SELECT statement. Data can be selected from several tables from the same database. The data can then be used for reporting purposes. The
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Organizational Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Organizational Theory - Assignment Example Also, the paper will review the criticisms that have been generated towards the two assumptions. While ontology is associated with the nature of an event, epistemology is about the way people understand such an event (Gioia, 2003). The classification of the two assumptions, therefore, can be based on an individual’s belief considering that objective existence is inherent in the world, or because the reality of an event is based on a mediated social understanding. In this sense, prior to human judgement, objective ontology presumes that natural and social reality occurs independently (Johnson and Duberley, 2000: 180). In view of this assumption, objective epistemology takes into consideration the causal inter variable relationships, and assumes that the reality does not originate in an individual, but rather from sensory experiences. Having said this, the manner in which an individual understands an event is acquired from measurement, touch, taste, or observation (Johnson and Duberley, 2000). Furthermore, the epistemology of objectivity seeks to generalize theories by mak ing a very important presumption that the theory applies to all people in the world regardless of the context and circumstances. A good example of a research that best shows a theory-approach alignment is one conducted in by Cooper and Sobol (1969) investigating seniority and employment testing as a criteria for hiring and promoting employees. In this paper, the theory being used is the disparate impact theory while the approach is basically a case study complex, while epistemology is constructionism coupled with positivism. By analyzing the various cases where the use of seniority and testing were deemed to be violating the fair employment laws, Cooper and Sobol (1969) went on to suggest that depending on who is analyzing the cases may take different meanings because of their constructionist approach. They
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)